Control unit with high control quality, method for controlling a clockwork and clock.

专利摘要:
Control element of a watch having an escapement wheel (9); an unrest (1) with a first direction of rotation and a second direction of rotation; an escapement (7) for escaping the escapement wheel (9); a bistable intermediate store (4) is designed to deliver an intermediate stored energy to the restlessness (1) and to absorb energy for each of the first and second directions of rotation of the restlessness (1). The energy consumption of the intermediate store (4) takes place after the energy has been delivered to the agitation (1).
公开号:CH712255B1
申请号:CH00874/17
申请日:2016-01-15
公开日:2020-05-29
发明作者:Lederer Bernhard；von Tardy Georg
申请人:Creaditive Ag；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Technical field
The invention relates to a control element which drives the frequency-generating element with constant energy, and a method for operating such.
State of the art
A mechanical clockwork has a main energy store, e.g. a coil spring, which drives the clockwork gear train. At the same time, the clockwork has a control element which brakes the gear train and releases it by a predetermined frequency for further rotation. The control element has a frequency-giving element, e.g. an unrest, which controls an escapement that releases an escapement wheel connected to the gear train in the frequency specified by the frequency-generating element for further rotation by one step. At the same time, the escapement wheel transfers the necessary energy from the energy store to the frequency-giving element, so that it can maintain a constant vibration.
The problem is that the main energy storage, for example a drive spring, depending on the state of charge, more or less force on the gear train and thus more or less energy to the restlessness. This leads to an energy supply of the frequency-giving element of the clockwork which varies over time. The very temperature-dependent viscosity of the lubrication of the gear train therefore has an influence on the energy transferred to the unrest. The prior art shows the following solutions to this problem.
CH353679 shows a remontoire which has a first coil spring as the main energy store and a second smaller coil spring mounted on the escapement wheel as the intermediate store. This second coil spring can store less energy and therefore has to be tightened at shorter intervals, which leads to a faster equalization of the energy fluctuations, so that the energy transferred to the restlessness is more constant.
CH292465 shows a Force Constant escapement, executed as a chronometer escapement, which has a coil spring as a buffer for the energy to be transmitted to the agitation. The buffer again allows a more constant energy to be transferred to the restlessness. However, chronometer escapes have the disadvantage that such movements are not self-starting and that impulses are only transmitted in one direction.
DE1293696 also shows a chronometer escapement which has a leaf spring coupled to a fork engaging in an unrest as a buffer for the energy to be transmitted to the unrest. The leaf spring can jump back and forth between a second-order bend line with a discrete high energy state and a first-order bend line with a discrete low energy state. When a driver of the unrest comes into contact with the fork, the unrest moves the fork so far that it moves the leaf spring over the potential mountain of the discrete higher energy state and the stored energy is released onto the unrest. Thus, only the stored energy of the leaf spring is transferred to the unrest and the oscillation of the unrest is independent of the drive spring. Here too there are the same disadvantages of the chronometer escapement described above. At the same time, the energy of the leaf spring released due to the restlessness and the necessary release force of the leaf spring depend on the length of the leaf spring and on its modulus of elasticity. When the temperature changes, however, the length and / or the elastic modulus of the leaf spring change. Thus, this watch only works in a certain temperature range, while in other temperature ranges the speed of the watch and the release force of the leaf spring change due to the unrest. The latter leads to the fact that the leaf spring erroneously triggers when the watch is shaken or that the trigger force of the leaf spring unnecessarily slows down the restlessness. In addition, the dependence of the energy of the leaf spring has the disadvantage that the calibration of the watch is very difficult.
WO9964936 discloses a control element with a leaf spring which can jump back and forth between a fourth-order bending line with a discrete high energy state and a second-order bending line with a discrete low energy state. The leaf spring is mounted between two fixed points so that when a fork coupled to the leaf spring is moved by a driver of an unrest, the leaf spring is moved with the fourth-order bending line over the potential mountain and the stored energy of the leaf spring is released. The energy released by the leaf spring is transmitted to the fork and the restlessness. The escapement has two escapement wheels, each of which is coupled to the gear train, and an escapement piece. The locking piece is not non-positively connected to the fork, but is coupled to the leaf spring. While the leaf spring bending line is jumping around and the energy is transferred to the restlessness, the change in shape of the leaf spring moves the escapement from the inhibiting position and releases the escapement wheel that is braked by the escapement. The released escapement wheel rotates the escapement to the next escaping position by the force of the main drive spring. The coupled leaf spring is recharged from the second-order bending line to the fourth-order bending line by the rotation of the locking piece. The leaf spring of this control element has the same problems of temperature dependency as the previously described DE1293696. At the same time, it is problematic here that the leaf spring is already recharged by the restraining element while the energy is being released. This leads to a disturbance of the energy delivery to the restlessness and thereby prevents a constant energy delivery to the restlessness. Another disadvantage of this clockwork is the very complex structure.
[0008] EP2706416 now discloses a simplification of the construction from WO9964936. Here the escapement consists of an anchor with two pallets for escaping an escape wheel. The anchor is coupled via a leaf spring to a fork engaging in an unrest. The leaf spring can jump back and forth between a second-order bend line with a discrete high energy state and a first-order bend line with a discrete low energy state. The ends of the leaf spring are each mounted symmetrically about the axis of rotation of the fork and the armature, so that rotation of the armature and / or the fork leads to a change in the bending line of the leaf spring. When the fork is moved by the driver of the restlessness, the leaf spring is moved with the second-order bending line over the potential mountain and the stored energy of the leaf spring is released. The energy released by the leaf spring is transferred to the restlessness by the rotation of the fork. While the leaf spring bending line is jumping around and the energy is transferred to the restlessness, the armature is rotated by the shape change of the leaf spring. This releases the armature wheel braked by the armature, which rotates the armature further by the force of the main drive spring until the armature is again in an inhibiting position and the leaf spring again has a second-order bending line. This structure is easier. Here, too, the buffer is charged while the impulse is being given to the unrest, whereby the impulse to the unrest again depends (albeit to a lesser extent) on the force of the drive spring. At the same time, the spring arrangement between the armature and the fork has the following disadvantage. In the usual sizes for the escape wheel and the anchor, the spring is very short. This makes the spring very sensitive to its length and therefore difficult to adjust. Alternatively, the distance between the fork and anchor can of course be increased, but this would lead to an undesirable enlargement of the control element. In addition to the required space requirement, this would also have a negative effect on the inertia of the components of the control element accelerated during the pulse transmission. At the same time, the leaf spring has the same setting and temperature problems as described for DE1293696.
Another problem of common inhibitions with a restlessness is that the coupling angle range in which the restlessness interacts for triggering and subsequent energy consumption with the fork is relatively large. An anchor escapement usually has a coupling rotation angle range of approx. 50 °, which can be reduced somewhat with the high-quality version. A perfect vibration, on the other hand, receives a constant punctual impulse at the rest point of restlessness with each passage through the resting point, which feeds the lost friction energy again. The larger the coupling rotation angle range of an escapement, the more the perfect vibration of the unrest is disturbed by the energy exchange between the fork and the unrest. In addition, the tripping resistance or the impulse of the anchor escapement differs depending on the direction of rotation, which is also a disturbance for the vibration. Chronometer escapements, as described above, allow this coupling rotation angle range to be reduced, but at the same time have the disadvantage that the unrest is only driven in one direction and thus also represents a disturbance for the vibration. For coaxial escapement, e.g. is disclosed in EP1045297A1, coupling rotation angle ranges up to 30 ° are known. The unrest is driven here in both directions. However, the pulse and / or the tripping resistance are very different depending on the direction of rotation due to the different drive trains. In any case, there are no inhibitions that make it possible to achieve a smaller angle of rotation than 30 °. On the one hand, this is due to the large inertia of the movement, which prevents the impulse from the fork from being transmitted to the restlessness at a smaller angle. Even if the inertia were reduced by light materials, the risk increases that the ellipse of the restlessness no longer swings cleanly into or out of the fork at smaller angles. In addition, the inertia increases the area in which the fork is only being towed, and the area in which the actual impulse is transmitted decreases to the same extent. Therefore, there are no inhibitions in the prior art with coupling rotation angle ranges less than 30 °.
It is also known from CH341764 to vary the thickness of the driving coil spring over its longitudinal axis. It is also known from DE102013106505 to vary the thickness of an oscillating spiral spring of an unrest over its longitudinal axis.
Presentation of the invention
[0011] It is an object of the invention to invent a control device which solves the problems of the prior art.
It is an object of the invention to find a control element which drives the frequency-giving element with a particularly high control quality.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a control element of a watch. The regulating device has an escapement wheel, an unrest with a first direction of rotation and a second direction of rotation, an inhibitor for inhibiting the escapement wheel and a bistable intermediate store designed to deliver a buffered energy to the unrest and to absorb energy for each of the first and second directions of rotation of the unrest . The control element is characterized by the fact that the energy consumption of the intermediate store occurs after the energy has been delivered to the unrest.
[0014] According to the invention, this aim is achieved by a method for regulating a clockwork. The method has the following steps for each direction of rotation of an agitation. Deliver an energy temporarily stored in a bistable buffer to the restlessness. Absorb energy in the buffer. The process is characterized in that the energy consumption of the intermediate storage takes place temporally after the energy has been delivered to the unrest.
Due to this temporal separation of the energy consumption and energy output of the intermediate store, a constant energy output can take place on the unrest, which results in a particularly precise frequency fidelity of the frequency-giving element.
[0016] Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
In one embodiment, the control member has an energy transmission means which couples in a coupling rotation angle range with the unrest in order to be triggered by the unrest and to release energy on the unrest after the triggering, the coupling rotation angle range being less than 30 °. By reducing the coupling rotation angle range below 30 °, the energy transfer is more and more approximated to an ideal impulse, which optimizes the energy transfer. As a result, the restlessness can be driven with less energy. At the same time, disturbances of the restlessness, e.g. Vibrations avoided by the concentration of the main impulse transmission at the point of restlessness. This also increases the control quality of the unrest. By using the intermediate storage device, the inertia of the energy transmission means to the unrest can be significantly minimized and thus the energy used to drive the unrest and the speed of the energy transfer from the intermediate storage device to the unrest can be set very precisely. This allows the coupling rotation angle range to be greatly minimized
In one embodiment, the buffer has a bistable spring for constant energy output on the unrest. In one embodiment, the thermal change in length and / or elastic modulus of the bistable spring is compensated for by a thermal change in the length of the bearing points of the spring in a circuit board such that the energy delivered by the spring to the oscillator remains constant with the temperature. This solves the problem of the strong temperature sensitivity of the constant force watch movements using a bistable spring. In one embodiment, a parameter of the spring that determines the local elasticity changes along its longitudinal axis. On the one hand, this means that the time behavior of the spring when it is triggered and the impulse is given to the speed controller can be set much more precisely than with a spring with constant parameters along the longitudinal axis. At the same time, this can be used so that the effect of lengthening the spring when the temperature changes has less influence on the pulse output and the triggering of the bistable spring.
In one embodiment, the control element is designed so that the energy consumption of the charging means or the intermediate storage of the escapement wheel, preferably completely, staggered in time to or separately from or after the energy release on the unrest occurs.
In one embodiment, the control member or loading means on a clamping piece and the intermediate storage, wherein the clamping piece engages in the escapement wheel or the gear train and is connected to the intermediate storage for transmitting an energy of the escapement wheel or the gear train to the intermediate storage device.
In one embodiment, the clamping piece is a rotatable element which can be moved, in particular rotated, by rotation of the escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the clamping piece has a first pallet for engaging in the gear train and a second pallet for engaging in the gear train. In particular, the first pallet is configured to be moved / rotated by the gear train when the escapement wheel is released in a first direction when the agitation rotates, and the second pallet is configured to be moved / rotated by the gear train when the escapement wheel is at the rotation of the restlessness is released in a second direction.
In one embodiment, the buffer has an energy absorption point which is connected to the clamping piece. In one embodiment, the intermediate storage is a spring, which, from the restlessness relative to the energy absorption point, a bearing point, e.g. a first end of the spring, which is connected to the housing or the circuit board of the control element. In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the energy absorption point is used to fasten the intermediate store to the clamping piece.
In one embodiment, the control device has an energy transfer means for transferring the buffered energy of the buffer to the unrest.
In one embodiment, the energy transfer means is a rotatably mounted element that is temporarily connected to the unrest at a first point, preferably at a first end, and that at a second point, preferably at a second end, with the buffer in Connection is established.
In one embodiment, the unrest has a driver arranged on a rotatably mounted disc, which rotates the energy transmission means about an axis of rotation.
In one embodiment, the energy transmission means is designed to transmit energy to the inhibitor to release the inhibition of the escapement wheel. In particular, the control element is designed such that the transfer of the energy from the energy transfer means to the inhibitor, preferably completely, separated in time or offset or after the transfer of the energy from the energy transfer means to the unrest.
In one embodiment, the inhibitor has at least one stop, wherein the energy transmission means, preferably a rotatable lever, can transmit energy to the inhibitor by striking the at least one stop. This stop preferably occurs after the driver has been released from the unrest. This is an example of how the temporal separation from the release of the escapement wheel or the charging of the intermediate store from the driving of the unrest can be realized by the intermediate store. In one exemplary embodiment, the inhibitor has a first stop for absorbing the energy of the energy transmission medium for a first direction of rotation of the energy transmission medium and a second stop for absorbing the energy of the energy transmission medium for a second rotational direction of the energy transmission medium.
[0029] In one exemplary embodiment, the buffer store has an energy delivery point which is connected to the energy transmission means.
In an alternative embodiment, the buffer has an energy delivery point that is (directly) connected to the escapement.
In one embodiment, the buffer is a spring, preferably a leaf spring. In one embodiment, the leaf spring has a changing blade width or height.
In one embodiment, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the spring matches that of the base that supports it, or the match is achieved by means of a compensation device.
In one embodiment, the spring has a second-order bending line in a higher energy state and a first-order bending line in a lower energy state.
[0034] In one exemplary embodiment, the intermediate store has a stable higher energy state and a stable lower energy state.
In one embodiment, the control element is designed to receive an initialization energy for the transition from the higher energy state to the lower energy state for releasing the stored energy from the restlessness, preferably via an energy transmission means.
In one embodiment, the control member is designed so that it receives energy for the transition from the lower energy state to the higher energy state for receiving energy to be stored from the escapement wheel, preferably via a clamping piece.
In one embodiment, the escapement wheel is an escape wheel into which an anchor engages as an escapement piece.
In one embodiment, the agitation (e.g. due to contact of a driver on an energy transmission medium) causes the release of the temporarily stored energy from the energy transmission medium.
In one embodiment, the unrest has a spiral spring.
In one embodiment, the energy transferred from the buffer to the restlessness is independent of the energy of the gear train / escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the charging means differs from the inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the loading means has a clamping piece which engages in the escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the charging means has an intermediate storage arranged between the tensioning piece and the unrest for the time-delayed delivery of the rotational energy of the escapement wheel to the unrest and an energy transmission means arranged between the storage means and the unrest.
In one embodiment, the buffer is designed for the delayed delivery of the rotational energy of the escapement wheel to the agitation.
In one embodiment, the escapement wheel is designed for connection to an energy source driving the escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the escapement between the unrest and the escapement wheel is arranged and designed to allow the escapement wheel to rotate a predetermined angle at periodic intervals determined by the agitation when the escapement wheel is connected to the driving energy source.
In one embodiment, the delivery of the temporarily stored energy is delayed in time for the absorption of the rotational energy.
In one embodiment, the energy is absorbed by an escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the escapement wheel is braked by an escapement piece that engages the escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the escapement is rotated by the unrest, so that the rotation of the escapement wheel is released.
In one embodiment, the temporarily stored energy is transferred to the inhibitor, which transfers the energy to the restlessness.
In one embodiment, the temporarily stored energy is transmitted to an energy transmission element, which transmits the energy to the restlessness.
In one embodiment, the energy transfer element transfers energy to an inhibitor to release the inhibition of an escapement wheel.
In one embodiment, the energy transfer to the inhibitor takes place after the energy transfer to the restlessness.
In one embodiment, the unrest has a driver whose coupling point with the energy transmission means is at a first distance from the pivot point of the unrest, wherein the energy transmission means is rotatably mounted and the coupling point of the energy transmission means with the driver is at a second distance from the pivot point of the energy transmission means , wherein the rotation angle coupling range less than 30 ° is combined with a ratio between the second distance and the first distance less than 2.5. By using the smaller ratio, the angle traveled by the energy transmission means in the rotation angle coupling area is increased and the susceptibility of the escapement to error is thus reduced. This exemplary embodiment could also be implemented without a buffer if the inertia of the system is reduced differently, e.g. through light materials or construction.
Brief description of the figures
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, which show<tb> Fig. 1A to 1E <SEP> a view of a first exemplary embodiment of a control element for five different states of the control element;<tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> is a three-dimensional view of an alternative embodiment of the escapement wheel of the control element from FIGS. 1A to 1E;<tb> Fig. 3 <SEP> is a view of a second exemplary embodiment of a control element;<tb> Fig. 4 <SEP> is a view of a third exemplary embodiment of a control element;<tb> Fig. 5 <SEP> a first three-dimensional view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a control element; and<tb> Fig. 6 <SEP> a second three-dimensional view of the fourth exemplary embodiment of the control element.
Ways of Carrying Out the Invention
For the description of the exemplary embodiments, a definition of the term “bistable energy store” is important, e.g. as an energetic buffer of a clockwork. A bistable energy store is an intermediate store with at least two locally stable energy states, the bistable energy store in the energetically high stable energy state being separated from the deep stable energy state by a mountain of potential and passing into the energetically deep stable energy state by supplying a certain amount of energy to overcome the mountain of potential and thereby releasing the stored energy. The point of overcoming the potential mountain is also called the point of instability. The deep stable energy state can be a locally as well as a globally stable energy state, whereby each globally stable energy state is always locally stable. The terms “deeper stable energy state” and “high stable energy state” are not to be understood absolutely here, but only mean that the deep stable energy state is lower in energy than the high stable energy state. Bistable is not limited to two stable energy states, but means that there can be more than two stable energy states. Bistable springs, e.g. bistable leaf springs are an example of such bistable energy storage. For this purpose, a leaf spring or a leaf spring region of length L is mounted between two bearing points with a distance of less than L, so that a bending line with a bulge is formed between the bearing points. This bend line with a bulge represents a first-order energy state and is globally stable. By supplying energy, the leaf spring can also assume a bending line with two, three, four, or generally with n bulges (with n-1 changes in curvature) with the corresponding energy states of second, third, fourth or generally n-th order. The first order energy state is preferably used as the deep stable energy state of the bistable spring, but any higher energy state, e.g. second order, can also be used as a deeper stable energy state if there are more than two stable energy states. The high stable energy state is higher in order than the low stable energy state. A bistable leaf spring is thus a leaf spring which is arranged to adopt bending lines of at least two different orders. The first order energy state of a bistable spring can be realized both by a first direction of curvature and by a second direction of curvature. Similarly, an energy state of any order can be realized by a bending line symmetrical to the leaf spring axis. The leaf spring axis is defined as the line stretched between the two bearing points. A symmetrical bistable leaf spring is thus defined as a bistable leaf spring which is arranged in such a way that it can assume bending lines of two orders and their mirrored bending lines.
1A to 1E shows a first exemplary embodiment of a control element in various states. The control element has an unrest 1, an intermediate storage 4, an energy transmission means 3, an inhibiting piece 7, an inhibiting wheel 9 and a clamping piece 5.
The restlessness 1 is designed as part of a free escapement to vibrate at a certain frequency and serves as a gear regulator for the clockwork. For this purpose, the unrest 1 preferably has a spiral spring, not shown here, with a flywheel, also not shown. To trigger the inhibition, the unrest 1 is coupled to the escapement wheel 9 and to absorb energy, the unrest 1 is coupled to the intermediate storage 4. In this exemplary embodiment, both couplings are achieved via the energy transmission means 3. The coupling means for coupling with the energy transmission means 3 is shown in Fig. 1A. The restlessness 1 or the coupling means of the restlessness 1 has a driver 10, which is arranged coaxially with the axis of rotation 12 of the restlessness 1 and rotates with the vibration of the restlessness 1 about the axis of rotation 12 of the restlessness 1. This driver 10 is also referred to as an ellipse. Within a period of oscillation (inverse of the oscillation frequency) of the unrest 1, the driver 10 moves once in a first direction of rotation (e.g. clockwise) from a first point of rotation reversal to a second point of rotation reversal and once in a second direction of rotation (eg counterclockwise) from the second Reversal point of rotation back to the first reversal point of rotation. The angle of rotation of the driver 10, in which the unrest 1 is in the equilibrium position, is to be defined in the following as dead center or 0 °. The range of rotation angle of the unrest 1 or of the driver 10, in which the unrest 1 couples with the energy transmission means 3, will be referred to below as the coupling rotation angle range. This is preferably, but not necessarily, arranged symmetrically about the angle of rotation 0 °. The coupling angle of rotation range can become smaller than 30 ° due to the minimum mass inertia of the energy transfer means that can be achieved due to the intermediate storage, i.e. can be between + 15 ° and -15 ° with symmetrical distribution. As a result, very small coupling rotation angle ranges can be achieved and the control quality of the control element can be improved. The coupling rotation angle range is preferably less than or equal to 28 °, preferably less than or equal to 26 °, preferably less than or equal to 24 °, preferably less than or equal to 22 °, preferably less than or equal to 20 °, preferably less than or equal to 18 °, preferably less than or equal to 16 °, preferably less than or equal to 14 ° , preferably less than or equal to 12 °, preferably less than or equal to 10 °, preferably less than or equal to 8 °. Preferably, the maximum coupling rotation angle from the point of rest of the unrest is less than 15 °, less than or equal to 14 °, preferably less than or equal to 13 °, preferably less than or equal to 12 °, preferably less than or equal to 11 °, preferably less than or equal to 10 °, preferably less than or equal to 9 °, preferably less than or equal to 8 °, preferably less than or equal to 7 °, preferably less than or equal to 6 °, preferably less than or equal to 5 °, preferably less than or equal to 4 °. The unrest 1 is preferably coupled to the energy transmission means 3 twice per oscillation period, ie once for each direction of rotation when the driver 10 passes through the coupling rotation angle range. An unrest 1 with a coupling rotation angle range of 5.2 ° was achieved in a prototype. In this prototype, the first 2.2 ° for the triggering of the energy transfer means 3 or the intermediate store 4, 0.3 ° for the change of stop of the driver 10 in the energy transfer means 3 and 2.7 ° for the energy transfer from the energy transfer means 3 to the Carrier 10 needed. This approximately corresponds to an ideal impulse in the rest position of the unrest 1. Outside the coupling rotation angle range, the unrest 1 or the driver 10 is not coupled to the energy transmission means 3. The rotation angle range of the oscillation period of the driver 10 outside the coupling rotation angle range is also referred to as a supplementary curve. Although a restlessness 1 was used in this exemplary embodiment, gear regulators other than a restlessness 1 can be used.
[0060] The intermediate storage 4 is designed to store energy. The intermediate store 4 can also transfer energy to the restlessness 1 in the coupling rotation angle range of the restlessness 1 in order to guarantee a stable oscillation of the restlessness 1. In this exemplary embodiment, the temporarily stored energy is transmitted to the restlessness 1 via the energy transmission means 3. The intermediate store 4 is preferably a bistable energy store which is in the high stable energy state when the agitation 1 or the driver 10 is located before entering the coupling rotation angle range. When entering the coupling rotation angle range, the unrest 1 transfers an initial energy to the intermediate storage 4, which brings the bistable energy storage over the potential mountain, so that the intermediate storage 4 can transition to the deep stable energy state and can release the stored energy. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the intermediate store 4 is a leaf spring, in particular a bistable leaf spring, in particular a symmetrical bistable leaf spring. The bistable leaf spring 4 shown in the first exemplary embodiment is in a second order bending line (e.g. FIGS. 1A, 1E) in the high stable energy state and in a first order bending line (e.g. FIG. 1D) in the deep stable energy state. The bistable leaf spring 4 from FIG. 1A is also designed as a symmetrical bistable leaf spring 4, so that the bending line of the leaf spring 4 in the deep stable energy state during the first direction of rotation of the unrest 1 (FIG. 1D) is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the leaf spring axis to the bending line of the leaf spring 4 is in the deep stable energy state during the second direction of rotation of the unrest 1 and / or that the bending line of the leaf spring 4 in the high stable energy state during the first direction of rotation of the unrest 1 (FIG. 1A) is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the leaf spring axis to the bending line of the leaf spring 4 in the high stable energy state during the second direction of rotation (FIG. 1E), the restlessness 1. The leaf spring 4 is fastened in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, preferably with a first end on the energy transmission means 3 rotatably mounted on a circuit board and, preferably with a second end, on the clamping piece 5 rotatably supported on the circuit board. Thus, the leaf spring axis of the leaf spring 4 is defined here by the line between the axis of rotation 11 of the lever 3 and the axis of rotation 18 of the clamping piece. Alternatively, the leaf spring 4 can also be rotatably or fixedly attached to one attachment point or to two attachment points directly on the circuit board (see, for example, FIGS. 3, 5 or 5). If the invention relates to the coupling of the leaf spring 4 to the energy transmission means 3 or the inhibitor 7, this can mean both a fastening on this and a fastening of the leaf spring 4 outside this, but with a coupling on this. An intermediate store 4 has the advantage that the necessary energy can be delivered in a very small coupling rotation angle range, since a low mass inertia of an intermediate store 4 can be reduced much more easily than in classic inhibitions. The intermediate store 4 is further designed such that the process of releasing the energy from the intermediate store 4 to the agitation 1 takes place in the coupling rotation angle range and the subsequent charging of the discharged intermediate store 4 only after or after the decoupling of the intermediate store or the energy transfer means 3 from the agitation 1 or can start from the driver 10. This has the advantage that the energy transferred to the restlessness 1 from the intermediate store 4 is constant and is not changed by influences from the escape wheel 9. It is particularly advantageous if the intermediate storage device 4 is moved by the unrest 1 in or shortly before the dead center (the rest position) of the unrest 1 through the instability point and in the dead center of the unrest 1 the energy output to the unrest 1 begins or the center of gravity the energy delivery to the restlessness 1 is at the dead center of the restlessness 1. This has the advantage that the influence of the pulse output on the unrest 1 is minimal. This is not reliably possible with a classic anchor escapement. Preferably, the energy for charging the intermediate store 4 is obtained from the rotation of the gear train, e.g. of the escapement wheel 9. The force acting in the direction of the leaf spring axis should run through the center of the axes of rotation of the energy transmission means 3 and the clamping piece 5 (in order not to produce any changes in length at the intermediate store 4). The line of symmetry of the energy transmission means 3, the clamping piece 5 and the locking piece 7 do not have to match that of the pulse spring 4.
The energy transfer means 3 is designed to transfer energy from the intermediate storage 4, or from a charging means formed by the intermediate storage 4 and the clamping piece 5, to the restlessness 1. The energy transmission means 3 is preferably designed as a lever which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 11. The axis of rotation 11 is preferably arranged parallel / coaxial to the axis of rotation 12 of the unrest 1. The energy transmission means 3 can also be designed differently, e.g. directly through one end of the leaf spring 4.
At a first lever point (coupling point), preferably at a first end of the lever 3, a coupling means is arranged for coupling with the unrest 1. Preferably, the coupling means has a fork 14, which is designed in the coupling rotation angle range of the unrest 1 intervene in the driver 10 and so to create a rotary coupling between the unrest 1 and the lever 3. If the restlessness 1 turns e.g. In the first direction of rotation, the driver 10 is not yet coupled to the lever 3 outside the coupling rotation angle range. When entering the coupling rotation angle range, the fork 14 engages in the driver 10 and couples the rotation of the unrest 1 with the rotation of the lever 3 until the driver 10 emerges from the coupling rotation angle range and the lever 3 and the driver 10 decouple again. As a result, the lever 3 rotates in the direction of rotation opposite to the direction of rotation of the unrest 1. The coupling means of the restlessness 1 (driver 10) and the energy transmission means 3 (fork 14) described here are only one example of a possible coupling. Additionally or alternatively, other coupling means can be used. The locking lever 15 secures the escapement outside the coupling area against unwanted triggering, as is common in Swiss anchor escapement.
The coupling point of the driver 10 with the fork 14 is at a first distance from the pivot point of the unrest 1. The coupling point of the fork 14 with the driver 10 is at a second distance from the pivot point of the lever 3. The ratio of the second distance to the first distance (second distance divided by the first distance) is usually chosen to be around 3. At small angles, however, this leads to an increased risk of interference, since the angle traveled by the lever 3 is three times smaller than the angle traveled by the driver 10 in the rotation angle coupling area. It is therefore particularly advantageous for small angles to make the ratio of the second distance to the first distance less than 2.5, in particular less than 2, in particular less than 1.5 or even less than or equal to 1. This reduces the susceptibility to interference of the interaction of energy transmission means 3 with the restlessness 1.
At a second lever point 17, preferably at a second opposite end of the lever 3, the lever 3 is coupled to the intermediate storage 4. The second lever point 17 is arranged such that energy stored in the intermediate store 4 can be converted into a rotational energy of the lever 3, which in turn is transmitted to the unrest 1 in the coupling rotation angle range of the unrest 1. For the leaf spring 4, this means that a rotation of the lever 3 leads to a change in the bending line of the leaf spring 4. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the second lever point 17 is arranged on the side of the first lever point opposite the axis of rotation 11 of the lever 3. However, alternatively, the second lever point 17 could also be arranged on the same side of the first lever point. The second lever point 17 is arranged very close to the axis of rotation 11, so that a rotation of the lever 3 mainly leads to a change in the starting angle of the leaf spring 4 and only a slight translational movement. The second lever point 17 could, however, also be arranged further away from the axis of rotation 11 (see, for example, FIGS. 5 and 6). A symmetrical mounting or coupling of the leaf spring 4 about the axis of rotation 11 of the energy transfer means 3 (point symmetry to the axis of rotation 11 of the energy transfer means 3) can be used to minimize the bearing pressure of the bearing of the energy transfer means 3.
In this example, the energy transmission means 3 is designed as a rotatably mounted lever. Alternatively, the energy transmission means 3 could also be designed differently and e.g. perform a translatory movement in order to couple the energy of the intermediate store 4 with the rotational movement of the restlessness 1. It would also be possible to directly transfer the energy transfer means 3 as an area, e.g. the end region to form the leaf spring 4.
The escapement 7 is designed to intervene in the escapement wheel 9 and to release the escapement wheel 9 for a rotation of the escapement wheel 9 by a certain rotation angle each time the unrest 1 has crossed the coupling rotation angle range. In contrast to the anchor escapement, the escapement 7 in the first exemplary embodiment is not designed to transmit a rotational energy of the escapement wheel 9 to the agitation. The inhibitor 7 is designed here, for example, as an anchor (without interfering with the restlessness 1). The locking piece 7 preferably has a first pallet 8a and a second pallet 8b for engaging in the locking wheel 9. The first pallet 8a is preferably for inhibiting the escapement wheel 9 during the falling supplementary arch (in the direction of the coupling rotation angle range) for the first direction of rotation of the unrest 1 and possibly additionally for the end of the rising supplementary arch (away from the coupling rotation angle range) in the second direction of rotation of the unrest 1 educated. The second pallet 8b is preferably for inhibiting the escapement wheel 9 during the falling supplementary arch (in the direction of the coupling rotation angle range) for the second direction of rotation of the unrest 1 and possibly additionally for the end of the rising supplementary arch (away from the coupling rotation angle range) in the first direction of rotation of the unrest 1 educated. The inhibitor 7 is preferably rotatably mounted on an axis of rotation 22. The axis of rotation 22 is e.g. mounted coaxially / parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the unrest 1 and / or to an axis of rotation 23 of the escapement wheel 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the locking piece 7 is rotatable between a first locking position (see e.g. FIG. 1A) and a second locking position (see e.g. FIG. 1E). For this, e.g. a first stop 2a for limiting the rotation of the inhibitor 7 in the first direction of rotation and a second stop 2b for limiting the rotation of the inhibitor 7 in the second direction of rotation. But these are optional. In this embodiment, the energy transmission means 3 and the inhibitor 7 are two independently movable / rotatable parts. The energy transmission means 3 couples with the restlessness 1 in the coupling angle range. During this coupling, the inhibitor 7 remains stationary and the escapement wheel 9 is inhibited, as a result of which the pulse output from the intermediate store 4 to the restlessness 1 depends solely on the intermediate store 4 and the energy transmission means 3. The driving force of the escapement wheel 9 and the lubrication of the gear train therefore do not influence the impulse output on the unrest 1.
The inhibitor 7 has a first stop 24a and a second stop 24b. The first stop 24a is designed to limit the relative rotation of the energy transmission means 3 (in the first direction of rotation) to the inhibitor 7 and the second stop 24b is designed to limit the relative rotation of the energy transmission means 3 (in the second direction of rotation) to the inhibitor 7. Only when the energy transfer means 3 strikes the first or second stop 24a or 24b does the inhibitor 7 begin to rotate due to the inertia of the energy transfer means rotation and / or due to the residual energy of the intermediate store 4 and to release the inhibition wheel 9. After the stop of the energy transmission means 3 on the first or second stop 24a or 24b, the inhibitor 7 rotates from the first stop 2a to the second stop 2b (or vice versa). The energy transmission means 3 rotates in one of the stops 24a or 24b with the restraining piece 9, since the leaf spring 4 continues to press the energy transmission means 3 into the position struck with one of the stops 24a or 24b. At the moment of the first attack, the unrest 1 is already decoupled from the energy transmission means 3. Alternatively, the restlessness 1 or the driver 10 decouples by braking the energy transmission means 3 when striking the first stop 24a or the second stop 24b at the moment of the stop. This ensures that the agitation 1 is not influenced by the friction and stop moments when the escapement wheel 9 is released. In this embodiment, the energy transmission means 3 and the inhibitor 7 are mounted on two different axes of rotation 11 and 22. Alternatively, these could also be mounted on the same axis of rotation (but rotatable independently of one another).
The escapement wheel 9 is part of the gear train of the clockwork and is rotatably coupled to it. The gear train is powered by an energy source, e.g. a main drive spring of the clockwork. The escapement wheel 9 of the gear train is coupled to the escapement 7 in such a way that it is braked or inhibited by the interlocking escapement 7 and released when the escapement 7 moves at a frequency predetermined by the gear regulator for the rotation of the determined angle of rotation. Preferably, the escapement wheel 9 is released twice (for each direction of rotation) per oscillation period of the unrest 1 and correspondingly rotated twice by the determined angle of rotation. For this purpose, the escapement wheel 9 has a large number of teeth 27. These teeth are distributed at regular intervals over the circumference of the escapement wheel 9. Each tooth 27 has an inhibiting area 25. This is designed as a groove in which the pallets 8a and 8b engage when they inhibit the escapement wheel 9. 2 shows an alternative embodiment for the inhibiting areas 26. These are formed here by projections extending in the direction of the axis of rotation of the escapement wheel 9 (i.e. perpendicular to the flat side of the escapement wheel 9), which protrude from the pallet 8a or 8b when the escapement wheel 9 is inhibited by the escapement 7. In this case, it is possible to operate the rest pallets 8a and 8b with their own (or without) lubrication. Alternatively, the inhibition area can also be realized by other means or by a flat surface.
The clamping piece 5 is designed to charge the intermediate store 4 with energy. For this purpose, the clamping piece 5 preferably engages in the gear train, here in the escapement wheel 9, and charges the intermediate store 4 when the gear train or escapement wheel 9 rotates. In particular in the case of bistable energy stores as the intermediate store 4, the rotational energy should be sufficient when the escapement wheel 9 is rotated by the specific angle of rotation in order to convert the intermediate store 4 from the deep stable energy state to the high stable energy state. The clamping piece 5 is preferably mounted rotatably about the axis of rotation 18 and engages in the gear train or the escapement wheel 9 in such a way that rotation thereof causes the clamping piece 5 to rotate. Since the clamping piece 5 is coupled to the intermediate storage 4, this rotation of the clamping piece 5 is transferred to the intermediate storage 4. In the case of a leaf spring 4, the rotation of the clamping piece 5 causes the low (first) order bending line to be converted into a high (second) order bending line. When the unrest 1 rotates in the first direction of rotation, after passing through the coupling rotation angle range of the unrest 1, the escapement wheel 9 is released in the second direction of rotation, which causes a rotation of the clamping piece 5 in the second (or alternatively first (for example FIGS. 3, 5 and 6) ) Direction of rotation caused. When the unrest 1 rotates in the second direction of rotation, after passing through the coupling rotation angle range of the unrest 1, the escapement wheel 9 is also released in the second direction of rotation, but this causes the clamping piece 5 to rotate in the first (or alternative second) direction of rotation. Thus, for alternating directions of rotation of the unrest 1, the direction of rotation of the clamping piece 5 is alternated and the buffer 4 is recharged each time. The clamping piece 5 preferably has a first pallet 6a and a second pallet 6b. One of the two pallets 6a or 6b engages in the escapement wheel 9.
1A to 1E, the various states of the control element of the first exemplary embodiment for the first direction of rotation of the restlessness 1 are shown.
In Fig. 1A, the unrest 1 is still decoupled from the energy transmission means 3 and is thus still before entering the coupling rotation angle range (falling supplementary sheet). The energy transmission means 3 bears against the first stop 24a of the inhibitor 7. The inhibiting piece 7 abuts the first stop 2a and inhibits the escapement wheel 9 by engagement of the first pallet 8a in a tooth 27.3 of the escapement wheel 9. In this state of the energy transmission means 3 and / or the inhibition piece 7, the fork 14 of the energy transmission means 3 is in one Position for coupling with the driver 10 of the unrest 1. The bistable leaf spring 4 is in the high stable energy state, ie has a second order bend line. The leaf spring 4 is stretched to near the point of instability. In this state, the leaf spring 4 presses the lever 3 in the first direction of rotation against the first stop 24a of the locking piece 7 and thereby the locking piece 7 against the first stop 2a. This ensures that the fork 14 is in the correct position for coupling with the driver 10 when the unrest 1 occurs in the coupling rotation angle range. At the same time, the leaf spring 4 presses the clamping piece 5 in the second direction of rotation in this state, so that the leaf spring 4 presses the second pallet 6b to the corresponding tooth 27.1 of the escapement wheel 9.
In FIG. 1B, the restlessness 1 has entered the coupling rotation angle range and the fork 14 is coupled to the driver 10. The energy transmission means 3 is rotated in the second direction of rotation by the force of the agitation 1. As a result, the leaf spring 4 is moved out of the local rest position (dashed bending line). The driver 10 or the unrest 1 forces the buffer 4 against the potential mountain.
In Fig. 1C, the unrest 1 is just before the dead center and / or the buffer 4 is just before the instability point. The restlessness 1 now forces the leaf spring 4 over the potential mountain. When this potential mountain is overcome, the leaf spring 4 breaks through from the second-order bending line into the first-order bending line, the energy thereby released being released to the restlessness 1 via the energy transmission means 3. This instability point of the leaf spring 4 is preferably reached at the dead center of the restlessness 1. The change from the second-order bending line to the first-order bending line takes place from the side of the clamping piece 5 in the direction of the energy transfer means 3. With the change, the direction of the force transmitted to the lever 3 changes and the leaf spring 4 now accelerates the unrest 1. While the direction of force of the leaf spring 4 on the side of the energy transmission means 3 is reversed when the instability point is exceeded. When the instability point is exceeded, the direction of force of the leaf spring 4 on the side of the clamping piece 5 changes and presses the clamping piece 5 in the first direction of rotation, so that the leaf spring 4 presses the first pallet 6a to the corresponding tooth 27.2 of the escapement wheel 9. When the instability point is exceeded, the contact changes from the second pallet 6b to the first pallet 6a.
In FIG. 1D, the buffer store 4 is completely turned over. The energy transmission means 3 first hits the second stop 24b of the restrictor 7. At the latest from this point in time, the restlessness 1 is no longer in contact with the energy transmission means 3. The regulating member can be designed such that when the energy transmission means 3 strikes the stop 24b, the unrest 1 is already decoupled from the energy transmission means 3. As a result, the restlessness 1 is completely independent of any faults possibly caused by the attack. Alternatively, the regulating element can be designed in such a way that the unrest 1 decouples exactly at the moment of this stop, or immediately afterwards, e.g. by braking the energy transmission means 3 at the stop. If, at this moment, the unrest 1 is only coupled for the direction of rotation (here the first direction of rotation) of the unrest 1, but not for the opposite direction of rotation (here the second direction of rotation) of the unrest 1, the unrest 1 is not possibly one caused by the braking of the energy transfer means 3 back pulse (here in the first direction of rotation of the energy transfer means 3) disturbed. The pulse required to trigger the inhibitor 7 is applied by the rotational energy of the energy transmission means 3 (inertia) and / or the residual energy still stored in the intermediate storage 4. Here, the inhibitor 7 is in its opposite position, i.e. brought into abutment with the second abutment 2b. With the beginning of the rotation of the restrictor 7 in the second direction of rotation, the escapement wheel 9 is released. From the stop of the energy transmission means 3 on the stop 24b up to the stop of the inhibitor 7 on the stop 2b, the leaf spring 4 exerts a force in the second direction of rotation of the energy transmission means 3 on the energy transmission means 3. Therefore, the energy transmission means 3 remains in contact with the stop 24b of the inhibitor 7 and is ready with the stop of the inhibitor 7 against the stop 2b for coupling with the coming restlessness 1, which then rotates in the opposite second direction of rotation. The release of the escapement wheel 9 by the rotation of the escapement 7 initiates the renewed prestressing of the intermediate storage 4. By releasing the escapement wheel 9, it is driven in the second direction of rotation (also in the first direction of rotation is possible) by the main drive spring. This rotation of the escapement wheel 9 causes the escapement wheel 9 to rotate the clamping piece 5 against the force of the leaf spring 4 with the first-order bending line in the second direction of rotation. The leaf spring 4 now begins to press the first pallet 6a against the tooth 27.2 of the escapement wheel 9 against the rotation of the clamping piece caused by the escapement 9. This pressure also increases continuously with further rotation of the clamping piece 5 or the escapement wheel 9. With the rotation of the escapement wheel 9, the first pallet 6a slides over the tooth 27.2 of the escapement wheel 9. The escapement 7 located in the stop 2b is arranged in such a way that the second pallet 8b engages in the next tooth 27.4 of the escapement wheel 9 passing this pallet 8b and the further rotation of the escapement wheel 9 beyond the determined rotation angle is prevented (braked).
In Fig. 1E, the escapement wheel 9 is again in the inhibited state. The tooth 27.4 of the escapement wheel 9 is held by the second pallet 8b. In this state, the leaf spring 4 still presses the first pallet 6a against the tooth 27.2. The intermediate storage 4 is now tensioned in the opposite direction, i.e. in a bending line symmetrical to FIG. 1A, and again takes on a shape of the second-order bending line. The leaf spring 4 pushes the energy transmission means 3 further into the second stop 24b (and the inhibitor 7 into the second stop 2b), so that the fork 14 is in the correct position for coupling with the unrest 1 coming back. In the event of unrest vibrating very quickly, the period of the free escapement wheel 9 or the charging process of the buffer store 4 could also extend over the moment of the change in the direction of rotation of the unrest 1. It is only important that the escapement wheel 9 is inhibited again and / or the charging process of the intermediate store 4 is (completely) finished before the unrest re-enters the coupling rotation angle range.
Since the leaf spring 4 is prestressed again in a second-order bending line, the same process can proceed analogously in the passage of the unrest in the opposite (second) direction of rotation. Only the directions of rotation of all elements (except the escapement wheel 9) rotate. The control element is designed in such a way that the course of the escapement is the same in each direction of rotation of the unrest 1 with correspondingly different directions of rotation.
The control element is distinguished by the following special features:<tb> <SEP> There is no renewed tensioning of the intermediate storage 4 and therefore no change in its energetic state during the impulse on the restlessness 1. After the end of the impulse transmission to the restlessness 1, the inertia of the energy transmission means 3 and the energy still present in the intermediate storage 4 unlock the escapement wheel 9. It is particularly advantageous that the intermediate storage 4 is not tensioned again during the impulse transmission to the restlessness 1, since this results in this the benefits of constant energy inhibition (Force Constant) would be nullified.
The tensioning of the intermediate store 4 takes place during the supplementary sheet of the restlessness 1. The energy stored in the intermediate store 4 is not dependent on the speed of the prestressing and is therefore not influenced by the force of the spring mechanism - as long as the tensioning takes place during the free oscillation arc of the unrest 1. This makes the escapement insensitive to the effects of lubricants in the drive train, since the viscosity does not influence the impulse. In addition, this separation also allows slowly oscillating control elements, e.g. to use the restlessness 1 without this having an effect on the impulse transmission.
During the supplementary form of the unrest 1, the energy transmission means 3 secures the inhibitor 7. No component of the control element has an undefined position, as a result of which these cannot generate any unforeseeable disturbances. Additional security can be created by a pull angle of the rest pallets 8a and 8b. However, this leads to the triggering resistance of the inhibitor 7 being influenced by the force of the drive train.
The pulse angle (angle traveled by the energy transmission means 3) is mainly determined by the excess length of the intermediate store 4. It results from the natural second-order bending line, but can be limited by the stop pins 2a and 2b and / or the attachments 24a and 24b. The clamping angle of the clamping piece 5 is determined by the clamping pallets 6a and 6b and must also match the second-order bending line of the intermediate store 4. Therefore, the length of the buffer store 4 should first be adapted to the pulse angle of the energy transmission means 3. The clamping angle of the clamping piece 5 is then adjusted accordingly by the clamping pallets 6a and 6b. Alternatively, the properties of the leaf spring can be changed along the longitudinal axis of the spring (see below), which allows greater freedom between the pulse angle of the energy transmission means 3 and the clamping angle of the clamping piece 5. This can influence the focus of the energy transfer.
Due to the minimal inertia of the energy transmission means, the coupling angle range can be significantly reduced compared to other inhibitions, whereby the energy transmission takes on the character of a pulse and the time of disturbing influences (e.g. vibrations) is significantly reduced, which leads to an improvement in the control quality.
FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the control element, the design of which, unless otherwise described, is embodied in the first exemplary embodiment. The leaf spring 4 'is here instead of on the clamping piece 5' directly attached to an attachment point 20 on the board and the coupling with the clamping piece 5 'with coupling means 19 of the clamping piece 5' between the attachment point 20 and the axis of rotation 11 is realized. As a result, a longer leaf spring 4 'and / or a smaller escapement wheel 9 (e.g. for the optional installation of Swiss anchors and Force Constant) can be used. The attachment of the intermediate storage 4 on the board can possibly with regard to length adjustment. be advantageous, e.g. when using an eccentric for fine adjustment. A longer spring 4 'has the advantage that it is less sensitive to changes in length. The point of coupling of the spring 4 'with the tensioning piece 5' is preferably selected such that it lies between the point of curvature change of the leaf spring 4 'and the fastening point 20, ideally on the belly of the second bending line. In this embodiment, the clamping piece 5 'is designed like the clamping piece 5, with a lever 34 being additionally arranged in the direction of the leaf spring axis. The lever 34 extends from the fulcrum 11 to the other side of the fulcrum 18 of the clamping piece 5 '. The coupling means 19 are arranged on this lever 34. The coupling point on the lever 34 and on the leaf spring 4 'should be designed such that that from the coupling point of the leaf spring 4' from the first-order bending line to the second-order bending line corresponds at least to the distance covered by the coupling means 19 fastened thereon . The coupling point between the clamping piece 5 'and the leaf spring 4' is preferably arranged in the region of the maximum bulge of the leaf spring 4 '. In this system, the coupling point, starting from the pivot point 11, is arranged on the other side of the pivot point 18 of the clamping piece 5 ', so that the directions of rotation and the pallets 6a and 6b are exchanged in comparison with those in FIGS. 1 to 2.
4 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the control element, the design of which, unless otherwise described, is embodied as in the first exemplary embodiment. In this embodiment, the energy transmission means 3 is integrated in an inhibitor 28. Alternatively, the inhibitor 7 and the energy transmission means 3 could also be connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The inhibitor 28 has the functions of the energy transmission means 3 and the inhibitor 7 from the first embodiment. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the restlessness 1 not only moves the energy transmission means 3 in the coupling rotation angle range, but also the entire restraint piece 28, as in the case of a classic anchor escapement. In contrast to a classic anchor escapement, the escapement 28, like the energy transmission means 3 previously, is connected to the leaf spring 4 and is designed such that the escapement wheel 29 is only released from the escapement 28 after or after the unrest 1 has been decoupled. This can be achieved, for example, by designing a first pallet 31a connected to a tooth 30.3 of the escapement wheel 29 in such a way that it rotates along the tooth 30.3 when the escapement 28 rotates during the coupling rotation angle range. Only after or after the driver 1 has been decoupled from the fork 14 does the locking piece 28 continue to rotate due to the inertia and / or due to the remaining energy of the leaf spring 4 and finally releases the locking wheel 29 or its tooth 30.3. In this case, the inhibition during the impulse has a rubbing calm. This arrangement represents a significant simplification. Nevertheless, the impulse for restlessness 1 can be completely separated from the charging process of the leaf spring 4 here. However, in comparison to the first exemplary embodiment, the impulse on the unrest 1 is additionally influenced by the friction effects between the escapement wheel 29 and the escapement piece 28. To reduce the friction and / or to simplify the escapement wheel 28, the escapement wheel 28 can be designed in a form, similar to a chronometer escapement or an English pointed tooth escapement wheel, with pointed teeth 30, so that only their tips come into frictional contact with the first pallet 31a come. Analogously, as described in the first exemplary embodiment, there is a second pallet 31b for re-locking the escapement wheel 29 on the tooth 30.4. While in the first and second exemplary embodiments, the inhibiting piece 7, the escapement wheel 9 and the clamping piece 5 are arranged in the first level and the energy transmission means 3, the driver 10 and the intermediate storage 4 in a second level, here the inhibiting piece 28 is in the second level Level of the intermediate store 4 'arranged, but the pallets 8a and 8b protrude into the second level. Alternatively, one could also leave the inhibitor 28 in the first level and let the fastening or coupling means for the leaf spring 4 'protrude into the second level and / or arrange the driver 10 in the first level.
5 and 6 show a fourth exemplary embodiment, the design of which, unless otherwise described, is embodied as in the second exemplary embodiment. The leaf spring 4 "is now instead of the lever 3 '(or on the inhibitor 28) directly attached to the circuit board at the second fastening point 35. In addition, a coupling means 21 is on the lever 3' for coupling the leaf spring 4" to the lever 3 'arranged. As a result, the leaf spring 4 "can be further extended. For coupling, a lever 37 is preferably arranged on the energy transmission means 3 ', which extends in the direction of the clamping piece 5 and / or preferably has the coupling means 21 in the area of the extreme bulge of the leaf spring 4". In the exemplary embodiment shown, the leaf spring 4 ″ is now arranged on the visible side of the clockwork, ie on the side of the escapement wheel 9 facing the dial face and facing away from the circuit board, in a third level. The first level is arranged between the second and third levels, whereby preferably all three levels are arranged parallel to the dial and / or to the circuit board. To couple the clamping piece 5 "to the leaf spring 4", the coupling means 19 'now does not extend into the second level, but into the opposite direction of the third level The energy transmission means 3 'is formed in the second level like the lever 3 (without fastening the leaf spring 4 "). The energy transmission means 3 'is still on the axis of rotation 11, e.g. a spigot. The lever 37 is now arranged on the same axis of rotation, but in the third plane. The lever 37 of the third level is arranged rotatably or integrally with the part of the energy transmission means 3 'in the first level.
The length of the intermediate store 4 is particularly critical. For a given clamping angle, the length of the spring 4 determines its instability line. A buffer 4 that is too short will not have sufficient security against vibrations or will not reach a stable position after tensioning, both leading to an unplanned release of the stored energy. A buffer that is too long carries the risk of inefficient use of energy, which is equivalent to an unnecessarily high inertia. In the second and fourth exemplary embodiments, it is therefore advantageous that the length of the leaf spring 4 'and 4 "can be selected independently of the size of the escapement wheel. The longer the spring 4, the more length errors can be tolerated.
A problem that occurs with all regulators that use bistable leaf springs to drive the unrest with constant force is the change in length and / or elastic modulus of the leaf spring with temperature and the difficult adjustment of the behavior of the leaf spring. The latter depends on the angle of rotation of the energy transmission means 3 / inhibitor 28, the angle of rotation of the clamping piece 5 and the length of the leaf spring 4 or its length ratio to the bearing points. The former leads to a change in the behavior of the leaf spring 4, which in the worst case can lead to a malfunction of the escapement. In addition, a change in length leads to a change in the energy stored in the intermediate store 4.
A possible solution to the first problem could be to compensate the thermal change in length and / or modulus of elasticity of the bistable leaf spring 4 by a thermal change in the length of the bearing points of the leaf spring 4 in the circuit board so that that of the leaf spring 4 on the Unrest 1 pulse delivered is constant with temperature. This can be achieved through the selection of suitable materials or appropriate compensation mechanisms.
If one or both bearing points of the leaf spring 4 are not arranged directly on the circuit board as in FIGS. 1 to 5, the bearing point or the bearing points in the circuit board of the part on which the leaf spring 4 is mounted is meant. In this case, the thermal length change of this part could also be taken into account. In FIGS. 1 to 5, for example, the pivot point 11 is the bearing point of the leaf spring 4 on the circuit board and in FIGS. 1 and 5 the pivot axis 18 is the bearing point of the leaf spring 4. In one exemplary embodiment, the spring 4 could e.g. made of bronze and the material of the board between the bearing points made of brass. In another embodiment, the spring 4 and the material of the circuit board between the bearing points could be made of silicon. The same material is very well suited to achieve the same changes in length of the spring 4 and the bearing points with temperature changes. However, the spring 4 could also be changed by coatings, treatments and / or oxidizations so that the change in the modulus of elasticity via the temperature can also be compensated for by the change in length of the board. In a further embodiment, the spring 4 and the material between the bearing points could be made of glass. The material of the board between the bearing points can either be the general board material. Alternatively, another material could be stored in the board in which the two bearing points of the leaf spring 4 are stored. If this material of the board is arranged so as to be longitudinally movable along the leaf spring axis in a second board material, compensation of the longitudinal expansion of the spring by the temperature can thus be achieved without producing the entire board from this material. There are no special requirements for the materials, even if it is advisable to choose a material for the spring with a modulus of elasticity that is largely independent of the temperature.
By varying a parameter of the leaf spring 4 along its longitudinal axis, the torque curve transmitted during the pulse from the spring to the energy transmission means 3 can be changed. The axis following the bending line of the leaf spring 4 should be defined as the longitudinal axis (in contrast to the leaf spring axis). The length is defined by the longest direction of expansion. The parameter influences the local rigidity of the leaf spring 4 along the longitudinal axis. A parameter could, for example, be the thickness, the width, the cross section and / or the material properties of the leaf spring 4 that influence the elastic modulus. The thickness and the width are preferably arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis. The thickness is preferably defined as the extension of the leaf spring 4 at right angles to the longitudinal axis and at right angles to the pulse output on the energy transmission means 3. The width (possibly on average over the longitudinal axis) is preferably greater in its extent than the thickness.
In this way, the integral center of the pulse (center of gravity of the energy transmission) can be set, as a result of which path deviation errors caused by the pulse can be eliminated or minimized. The center of gravity or the integral center of the impulse or energy transfer is defined as the angle of unrest or the coupling rotation angle range in which the maximum impulse is transmitted from an energy transfer element (e.g. Swiss anchor or a buffer) to the unrest. In the event of unrest that receives energy or an impulse in each direction of rotation, there can be two such focal points of the impulse, one for each direction of rotation. Conventional inhibitions with two impulses per balance oscillation give symmetrical impulses to the rest position, only by neglecting the inertia. As soon as inertial forces like this the case occurs in wristwatches, the center of gravity of the pulse shifts towards late, which leads to a slowdown in the gait. Real isochronism is no longer there. By means of the intermediate store, which has only minimal inertia forces and whose integral center of the impulse delivery can be adjusted to the restlessness by the design of the intermediate store, the integral center of the impulse can be adjusted to the rest position of the restlessness (for both directions of rotation).
[0091] If a leaf spring 4 with a variable parameter is used along its longitudinal axis, the instability position of the intermediate storage 4 can be shifted. This can include the trigger pulse can be set. This further allows the pulse angle of the energy transmission means 3 and the clamping angle of the clamping piece 5 to be selected independently of one another. The latter can be achieved, for example, by a decreasing cross section, a decreasing thickness and / or a decreasing width from the clamping piece 5 to the energy transmission means 3. The leaf spring 4 could e.g. be conical towards the energy transmission means 3. Additionally or alternatively, it would be possible for the material properties of the leaf spring 4 to be changed from the tension piece 5 to the energy transmission means 3 in such a way that the leaf spring 4 becomes harder towards the tension piece 5. In a further exemplary embodiment, the cross section, the thickness, the width and / or the local stiffness of the leaf spring 4 in the area of the decrease in energy, e.g. 17 or 21, smaller than in other areas. In a further exemplary embodiment, the cross section, the thickness, the width and / or the local rigidity of the leaf spring 4 can be greater in the area of the node points than in the areas of greatest curvature, i.e. the bellies.

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[1]
1. Control element of a clock having:an escapement wheel (9, 9 ', 29);an unrest (1) with a first direction of rotation and a second direction of rotation;an escapement (7, 28) for escaping the escapement wheel (9, 9 ', 29);a bistable intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ") designed to deliver a temporarily stored energy to the restlessness (1) and to absorb energy for each of the first and second directions of rotation of the restlessness (1);characterized in that the control element is designed in such a way that the energy consumption of the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4) takes place temporally after the energy has been delivered to the agitation (1).
[2]
2. Control element according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor (7, 28) is designed to release the escapement wheel (9, 9 ', 29) for each of the first and second directions of rotation from or after completion of the energy delivery of the temporarily stored energy to the agitation (1) .
[3]
3. Control device designed according to claim 1 or 2, for energy delivery from the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ") to the restlessness (1), the restlessness (1) temporarily coupled to the intermediate store (4, 4', 4") and / or to end the energy delivery on the unrest (1) by decoupling the unrest (1) from the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ").
[4]
4. Control element according to one of the preceding claims, that the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ") absorbs energy through the rotation of the escapement wheel (9, 29) or a gear train connected to the escapement wheel in a rotationally fixed manner.
[5]
5. Control element according to claim 4, comprising a clamping piece (5) for receiving the rotational energy of the escapement wheel (9, 29) or the gear train in the intermediate storage (4), wherein the clamping piece (5) is coupled to the intermediate storage (4) and in the escapement wheel (9, 29) or the gear train engages.
[6]
6. Control element according to claim 5, wherein the clamping piece (5) is rotatably mounted and has two pallets (6a, 6b) for engagement in the escapement wheel (9, 29) or the gear train.
[7]
7. Control element according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an energy transmission means (3, 3 ') for coupling with the unrest (1) in a coupling rotation angle range of the unrest (1) and for transferring the temporarily stored energy of the intermediate store (4') to the unrest ( 1) in the coupling rotation angle range.
[8]
8. Control element according to claim 7, wherein the coupling rotation angle range in which the temporarily stored energy of the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ") is released to the unrest (1) is less than 30 °, in particular less than or equal to 20 °.
[9]
9. Control element according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the energy transmission means (3) is a rotatably mounted element that is temporarily connected to the restlessness (1) at a first point of the energy transmission means (3) and that at a second point of the energy transmission means ( 3) is connected to the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ").
[10]
10. Control element according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the energy transfer means (3) is independent of the inhibitor (7) and is designed, after the decoupling of the energy transfer means (3) from the restlessness (1) energy on the inhibitor (7) to release the escapement wheel (9).
[11]
11. Control element according to claim 10, wherein the inhibitor (7) has a first stop (24a) for receiving the energy of the energy transmission means (3) for a first direction of rotation of the energy transmission means (3) and a second stop (24b) for receiving the energy of the energy transmission means (3) for a second direction of rotation of the energy transmission means (3).
[12]
12. Control element according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the locking piece (28) and the energy transmission means are realized in one piece or connected immovably relative to each other.
[13]
13. Control element according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ") is a bistable spring.
[14]
14. Control element according to claim 13, wherein the bistable spring has a first stable energy state in which the spring has a first bending line, and has a second stable energy state in which the spring has a second higher-order bending line.
[15]
15. Control element according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the control element is designed so that the thermal change in length and / or modulus of elasticity of the bistable spring is compensated by a thermal change in length of the bearing points of the spring in a circuit board that the from the spring to the Unrest (1) is constant energy with temperature.
[16]
16. Control element according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein a parameter of the spring determining the local elasticity, in particular the thickness, the width, the cross section and / or the material property, varies over its longitudinal axis.
[17]
17. Control element according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the control element is designed so that the unrest (1) moves the intermediate storage device at the dead center of the unrest (1) over the instability point and the energy output of the intermediate storage device on the unrest (1) at the dead center the restlessness (1) begins.
[18]
18. Control element according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the intermediate store is designed such that the center of gravity of the pulse emitted by the intermediate store on the unrest corresponds to the rest position of the unrest taking into account the acting inertia in both directions of rotation, the center of gravity of the impulse being the angle of the unrest (1) or the coupling rotation angle range is defined in which the maximum impulse is transmitted to the unrest (1).
[19]
19. A method for regulating a clockwork comprising the following steps per direction of an unrest (1):Releasing an energy temporarily stored in a bistable buffer (4, 4 ', 4 ") to the restlessness (1);Absorbing energy in the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4 ");characterized in that the energy consumption of the intermediate store (4, 4 ', 4) takes place temporally after the completed energy delivery to the agitation (1).
[20]
8:00 p.m. having a control element according to one of claims 1 to 18.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CH710662A1|2016-07-29|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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EP1710636A1|2005-04-06|2006-10-11|Daniel Rochat|Escapement for a watch|

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CH703333B1|2010-06-22|2015-07-15|Bruno Fragnière|Exhaust anchor.|

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CH706274B1|2012-03-29|2016-12-15|Nivarox-Far S A|A clock exhaust mechanism comprising a one-piece flexible mechanism for transmitting pulses between the balance and the escapement wheel.|

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法律状态:
2018-12-28| PCOW| Change of address of patent owner(s)|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: SONNENBERGSTRASSE 2, 6052 HERGISWIL (CH) |

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2019-11-15| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: P&TS SA, CH |

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2019-12-13| PCOW| Change of address of patent owner(s)|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: ROTZBERGSTRASSE 1, 6362 STANSSTAD (CH) |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CH582015|2015-01-16|

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CH00376/15A|CH710662A1|2015-01-16|2015-03-18|Regulating device and method for operating a control element with a constant energy.|

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PCT/IB2016/050195|WO2016113704A2|2015-01-16|2016-01-15|Timepiece, control element and method for operating a control element with high control quality|

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